If a funeral prayer is repeated, then can you pray again?

No, it is not permitted to pray again if you have prayed in the first funeral prayer.

عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ مَوْلَى مَيْمُونَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ جَالِسًا عَلَى الْبَلَاطِ وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا لَكَ لَا تُصَلِّي؟ قَالَ: إِنِّي قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ. إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: لَا تُعَادُ الصَّلَاةُ فِي يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ

(Sayidina) Ibn Umar (May Allah Most High be pleased with them both) said, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, ‘A prayer is not repeat in the same day, twice.’ (Sunan al-Nasai 860, Sahih).

وَلَا يُصَلَّى عَلَى مَيِّتٍ إلَّا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً لَا جَمَاعَةً وَلَا وُحْدَانًا عِنْدَنَا، إلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الَّذِينَ صَلَّوْا عَلَيْهَا أَجَانِبَ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، ثُمَّ حَضَرَ الْوَلِيُّ فَحِينَئِذٍ لَهُ أَنْ يُعِيدَهَا. (بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع)

And the deceased is not prayed over except once. Irrespective of it being an individual or congregational prayer, with us (the Hanafis). Unless the people who prayed over the deceased were strangers and did not have authorisation from the Awliyaa. In such a case the Wali has permission to repeat the prayer when he arrives. (Imam al-Kaasaani, Badai al-Sanaai).

The general rule, as seen in the Hadith and Nass above, is that Janazah is not repeated (see answer below for more details). However, in very particular circumstances, it may be permitted to repeat the prayer once. In such a case, would it be permitted for someone who has already prayed in the original Janazah to pray again? No, it will not be permitted for such individuals to pray again. Rather, anyone who did not pray in the original prayer can pray in this one.

وَلَوْ أَعَادَهَا الْوَلِيُّ لَيْسَ لِمَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ مَعَ الْوَلِيِّ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى وَظَاهِرُ كَلَامِهِمْ أَنَّ الْوَلِيَّ إذَا لَمْ يُعِدْ فَلَا إثْمَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ لِمَا أَنَّ الْفَرْضَ، وَهُوَ قَضَاءُ حَقِّ الْمَيِّتِ قَدْ تَأَدَّى بِصَلَاةِ الْأَجْنَبِيِّ وَالْإِعَادَةُ إنَّمَا هِيَ لِأَجْلِ حَقِّهِ لَا لِإِسْقَاطِ الْفَرْضِ. (البحر الرائق شرح كنز الدقائق)

If the Wali repeats it (the Janazah prayer) then it is not permitted for someone who has already prayed to pray again with the Wali. And what is clear from their statements is that there is no sin upon anyone if he does not repeat, because the obligation has been completed. Which is fulfilling the right of the deceased. It has been achieved by the prayer of a stranger, and repeating it is for the right of the Wali, not to fulfil the obligation. (Imam Zayn al-Deen ibn Nujaym, al-Bahr al-Raiq).

لَيْسَ لِمَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا أَنْ يُعِيدَ مَعَ الْوَلِيِّ لِأَنَّ تَكْرَارَهَا غَيْرُ مَشْرُوعٍ

(قَوْلُهُ: غَيْرُ مَشْرُوعٍ)

أَيْ عِنْدَنَا. وَعِنْدَ مَالِكٍ خِلَافًا لِلشَّافِعِيِّ – رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -، وَالْأَدِلَّةُ فِي الْمُطَوَّلَاتِ. (رد المحتار على الدر المختار)

Imam al-Haskafi: It is not permitted for someone who has already prayed (the funeral prayer) to repeat it with the Wali, because repetition is not legislated.

Imam Ibn Abideen: Not legislated means with us (the Hanafis), also (Imam) Maliki as opposed to (Imam) al-Shafi, May Allah (Most High) have mercy upon him. The (discussion regarding) evidence is found in the larger books.

The Nusoos above make the Hanafi position clear. An individual can only pray Janazah once. Usually it is not permitted to repeat a Janazah Salah, but in the rare circumstance where it is permitted, then only those who did not pray the first prayer can pray the second one.

And Allah Most High Knows Best.

– Answered by Shaykh Noorud-deen Rashid (25.01.2022)

See also:
How strong is the Hadith about not repeating prayers?

Can you repeat Janazah if the local Imam lead original prayer?

Is it permitted to repeat the Janazah Prayer?

See also (video):